Russia Yekaterinburg

Yekaterinburg, Russia: 4 Days In The Capital Of The Urals

Russia Travel

Yekaterinburg, Russia: 4 Days In The Capital Of The Urals

Yekaterinburg is the fourth-largest city in Russia (1.5 million people) and the unofficial capital of the Urals. It sits roughly on the border between European Russia and Siberia, 1,800 km east of Moscow and 1,500 km west of Novosibirsk. You reach it by spending a night on the Trans-Siberian or two hours on a flight from Sheremetyevo.

The city was founded in 1723 by Peter the Great as a state iron and copper works on the Iset River. It was named after his wife Catherine I (Yekaterina in Russian), the second Russian Empress, who was originally a Livonian peasant girl. For two centuries it was an industrial town producing weapons, coins, and the cannonball metal for the Russian army. The Demidov merchant dynasty made a fortune here.

Two events define modern Yekaterinburg. First, in July 1918, the Bolsheviks brought the deposed Tsar Nicholas II and his family from house arrest in Tobolsk to a merchant mansion called the Ipatiev House, and on the night of 16-17 July shot all of them, plus the family doctor and three servants, in the basement. The Soviets demolished the house in 1977. The Russian Orthodox Church built the Church on the Blood on the exact site in 2000-2003. It is now the most-visited religious site east of Moscow.

Second, Boris Yeltsin (the first president of Russia, 1991 to 1999) grew up in this region, ran the Sverdlovsk Oblast Communist Party in the 1970s, and rose from local apparatchik to the politician who stood on a tank in front of the Moscow White House on 19 August 1991 and ended the Soviet Union four months later. The Yeltsin Presidential Center, a 22-thousand-square-metre museum dedicated to his life, opened here in 2015 and is the most comprehensive history of the late USSR and the 1990s anywhere in Russia.

The city was called Sverdlovsk from 1924 to 1991, named after Yakov Sverdlov, the Bolshevik who signed the order for the Tsar’s execution. In 1991, by referendum, it took its imperial name back. The oblast (the Russian equivalent of a US state) is still called Sverdlovsk.

I spent four days here in 2017. Below: 143 photos and an embedded video review, covering the Stalinist civic centre, the Yeltsin Center museum, the Church on the Blood, Vainer pedestrian street, the surviving Imperial-era wooden mansions, and the city from the rooftop of the Vysotsky skyscraper.

A Video Review Of Yekaterinburg

Arrival In Yekaterinburg

First impressions of Yekaterinburg are about the layering: a 19th-century merchant house with a 25-storey condo tower wedged behind it, a Soviet tram crossing in front of a Russian-flag-bearing government block, a GAI traffic cop checking documents at a corner where every car is either a 30-year-old Lada or a new Hyundai. The city has changed three times in the last hundred years and you can see all three at once.

Lenin Square And The City Hall

The administrative heart of Yekaterinburg is Lenin Square (technically called Площадь 1905 года, the Square of 1905, after the failed first Russian Revolution). The square is dominated by the Yekaterinburg City Hall, a 1947-1954 Stalinist Empire-style behemoth in pale yellow stone, topped with a 61-metre spire crowned by a five-pointed gold Soviet star and four allegorical statues. The hammer-and-sickle is still on the pediment, and the Russian tricolour flies above it.

The bronze Lenin (1957) stands across the square pointing directly at the Soviet star on the City Hall, a sight line the sculptor deliberately planned. The street running east from here is still called Lenin Avenue, and the city was still called Sverdlovsk when the statue went up.

Vainer Pedestrian Street And Its Bronze Statues

Vainer Street (улица Вайнера) is Yekaterinburg’s main pedestrian shopping spine, the unofficial “Arbat of the Urals.” It’s about a kilometre long, cobblestoned, and lined with shops, cafes, a Burger King, two malls, and a cheerful series of bronze sculptures installed in 2008 to evoke the street’s history as a 19th-century commercial corridor.

The street is named for Lev Vainer, a 25-year-old Bolshevik revolutionary executed by tsarist authorities in 1908. The bronzes mostly do not depict him.

Plotinka, Passazh, And The Sevastyanov House

Plotinka (Плотинка, “the little dam”) is the geographic centre of Yekaterinburg, where the original 1723 dam on the Iset River created the pond that powered Peter the Great’s iron works. The dam is still there, now part of a pedestrian park.

Around Plotinka are some of the most photographed buildings in the city: the Passazh shopping mall (an Eclectic 1916 original, reconstructed 2014), the Sevastyanov House (1860s, the absolute icon of Yekaterinburg with its turquoise-and-white-and-red Gothic facade), and a cluster of surviving pre-revolutionary merchant houses now mostly serving as banks and law offices.

The Yeltsin Presidential Center

The Yeltsin Presidential Center is the single best museum in the city and probably the most thorough historical institution about the late USSR and the 1990s anywhere in Russia. 22 thousand square metres of perestroika, the August 1991 coup, shock therapy, the 1993 constitutional crisis, the Chechen wars, the 1998 financial crash, and Yeltsin’s New Year’s Eve 1999 resignation speech, all laid out in a striking modernist building completed in 2015.

It is not subtle about its politics. The Yeltsin Center frames the 1990s as a hard but necessary transition from totalitarianism to democracy, and most Russians under 40 still go through it as their introduction to that decade. Russian conservatives hate it.

Boris Yeltsin (1931-2007) was born in Butka, a village 200 km east of Yekaterinburg. He came up through the Sverdlovsk Oblast Communist Party (running it as First Secretary 1976-1985), was promoted by Gorbachev to Moscow, broke with him, was elected the first president of the Russian SFSR in June 1991, and the rest is what the museum exhibits.

Church On The Blood: The Romanov Execution Site

On the night of 16-17 July 1918, in the basement of a requisitioned merchant mansion called the Ipatiev House, the Bolsheviks shot the deposed Tsar Nicholas II, his wife Alexandra, their five children (the four grand duchesses and the 13-year-old Tsarevich Alexei), the family doctor, and three servants. They burned and partially dissolved the bodies in a forest pit 16 km outside the city.

The remains were rediscovered in 1979 (kept secret) and again in 2007 (Tsarevich Alexei and Grand Duchess Maria). The first batch was reburied at the Peter and Paul Fortress in St. Petersburg in 1998. The Russian Orthodox Church canonised the family as passion-bearers in 2000.

In 1977, on Brezhnev’s order, the Ipatiev House was demolished to prevent it becoming a place of pilgrimage. (The demolition order was signed by the local first secretary, a man named Boris Yeltsin.) In 2000-2003 the Russian Orthodox Church built the Church on the Blood (Храм-на-Крови), a five-domed white-and-gold cathedral, on the exact foundation. It is the most-visited religious site east of Moscow.

The Literary Quarter And The Wooden Houses

The Literary Quarter (Литературный Квартал) is a preserved block of late-Imperial wooden merchant houses on the edge of the historic centre, kept intact as small museums for the Ural writers: Pavel Bazhov (the Soviet collector of Ural folk tales), Dmitry Mamin-Sibiryak (the 19th-century novelist of Ural mining life), Fyodor Reshetnikov (the 1860s realist who wrote about Ural workers), and Pushkin’s 1833 visit researching his history of the Pugachev rebellion.

The cluster of wooden houses with carved naličniki (window frames), painted in pastel green and white and ochre, is one of the most photogenic corners of the city and a survivor of three waves of Soviet demolition.

Civic Monuments And Big Zlatoust

A few other civic landmarks worth knowing. The Sverdlovsk Oblast Government building (the executive branch of the regional government) sits across town under the Sverdlovsk coat of arms (two golden griffins flanking a silver bear with a trident). The Central Military District HQ has an equestrian statue of Marshal Zhukov in front, since Zhukov commanded the Ural Military District from 1948 to 1953 after Stalin demoted him from Moscow.

The Big Zlatoust (Большой Златоуст, Cathedral of Saint John Chrysostom) was the tallest building in pre-revolutionary Yekaterinburg, blown up by the Bolsheviks in 1930, and rebuilt 2006-2013 in its original 70-metre footprint. The reconstruction was largely funded by private donors and the local diocese.

Yekaterinburg Off The Tourist Map

The rest of the city is most of the city: bright-yellow trams on Lenin Avenue, pensioners playing chess on a low wall by the river, a 19th-century cottage flanked by 25-storey condo towers, a Yandex Taxi waiting at the crosswalk, a Stalinist university building, an Iset River embankment with a floating restaurant. The everyday-Yekaterinburg side of a four-day visit.

Yekaterinburg From The Vysotsky Skyscraper

The Vysotsky Tower is a 54-storey 188-metre office building on the eastern edge of the centre, completed in 2011 and named for the Soviet singer-songwriter Vladimir Vysotsky. The 52nd-floor observation deck is the highest publicly accessible point in the city and the views are the highlight of the photos below.

Visible from up here: the city centre, the Iset River curving through, the Church on the Blood with its gold domes, the Plotinka and Lenin Avenue, dense Soviet Khrushchyovka housing on every flank, the Trans-Siberian rail yard with freight trains rolling east, and (in 2017) the half-built abandoned Sverdlovsk TV tower at 361 metres. The TV tower was finally demolished in March 2018, six months after these photos.

Conclusion

Yekaterinburg is the best mid-size Russian city outside Moscow and St. Petersburg. Four days was enough to see most of it. The Yeltsin Center alone is worth the trip, and the combination of imperial wooden houses, Stalinist civic architecture, the Romanov execution site, and a thriving post-Soviet downtown gives you most of the Russian 20th century in walking distance.

Thanks for reading!

Leo

Written by

Leonidas K.

Since 2010, Leonidas has been an incredible Web Developer, and amazing Digital Marketer. He is the author of various exciting case studies in digital marketing, most notably in Pay Per Call Marketing. Make sure to read the case studies to make your life so much better!

2 Comments

  1. Rogue Trader ·

    This is my home city got crowded in the last 10 years since I left.

    Back in a day, climbing this “unfinished” (actually abandoned) TV tower was a kind of a right of passage.

    1. Leonidas K. ·

      Nice! I would have gladly climbed that tower for fun 🙂

Leave a Comment

Leave a Comment
Sign in with Google
or

Comment posted!